His empire expanded in the Americas with the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire and the Inca Empire. Ĭharles V inherited the states comprising his empire as a result of the ambitious Habsburg matrimonial policy, engaged in extensive warfare during his reign, especially against Francis I of France and Francis I's Muslim ally, Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Magnificent, and had to face the Protestant Reformation of Martin Luther. The imperial name prevailed due to the politico-religious primacy held by the Holy Roman Empire among European monarchies since the Middle Ages, which Charles V intended to preserve as part of his (ultimately failed) project to unite Christendom under his leadership. Charles's nomenclature as Holy Roman Emperor was Charles V (also Karl V and Carolus V), though earlier in his life he was known by the names of Charles of Ghent (after his birthplace in Flanders), Charles II as Duke of Burgundy, and Charles I as King of Spain ( Carlos I) and Archduke of Austria ( Karl I). The lands of the empire had in common only the monarch, Charles V, while their boundaries, institutions, and laws remained distinct. It was the first to be labelled as " the empire on which the sun never sets", a term used to describe several global empires throughout history. The Empire of Charles V, also known by the umbrella term Habsburg Empire, included the Holy Roman Empire, the Spanish Empire, the Burgundian Low Countries, the Austrian lands, and all the territories and dominions ruled in personal union by Charles V from 1519 to 1556. On the right: The empire of Charles V at its peak after the Peace of Crépy in 1544. On the left: Portrait of Charles V by Titian.
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